The article examines the issues of studying the world experience and the results of many years of experiments in various countries on the applicability of low-intensity irrigation systems in various climatic and soil conditions shows that the creation of irrigation systems of this type is an effective and economically viable irrigation of various types of crops: perennial plantings, orchards, vineyards, forest plantations, shrub farms as soil protection means, grain-legumes, vegetables, ridge crops and technical crops, ornamental plantations, goons, nurseries and others. The low-intensity system (drip irrigation, micro sprinkling, aerosol irrigation, subsoil and inektsionnoy irrigation, etc. which has almost universal application, in particular, it is applicable where the use of other methods irrigation is impossible or ineffective: 1. in difficult terrain and large lot slope (up to 45 degrees or more); 2. In areas with prolonged drought and strong winds; 3..-water resources in local with a relatively limited amount of water; 4.on soils with low power and very low or high Hygroscopicity;5. On soils prone to salinization;6. When used for irrigation water with high content of water-soluble salts, etc.

This review aims at the explanation of the status of biofertilizer and the available strategies adopted in the application for biofertilizer in the soil for the rejuvenation of the same and increased crop yield in the context of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is the second most populated country in Africa with about 80 million inhabitants. Soil fertility, which is the combination of physical and chemical properties of the soil and soil health, which is the soil fertility plus soil biology should be clearly distinguished. The fundamental opinion of soil fertility management is to “nourish the plant”, and the soil health management is to “nourish the soil and not the plant”.

Bacterial phytopathogens are responsible for the devastating loss of economical crop worldwide and tremendous efforts are being made to devise ways of controlling global food loss to pathogens using a myriad of strategies. The use of bacteriophages as biopesticides is gaining popularity due to their several advantages over conventional control measures. Recent developments in nanosciences and bioformulation technology are making it possible to convert laboratory based research efforts into commercial products which can be effective, beneficial and environmental friendly in the agricultural fields. This mini-review examines the recent developments in the field of phage treatments for control of phytopathogens and challenges that need to be circumvented for it to be a preferred therapy option.

The reduction of the infestation rates of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae), is a priority task of vector control programs in Cuba. The province of Santiago de Cuba has been severely hit in the last decades from the local transmission of dengue and more recently of zika virus. In this scenario, intensive control was carried out with mainly pyrethroid insecticides, but deltamethrin had never been used. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility status to deltamethrin as an alternative insecticide and the impact of two strategies (insecticides impregnated curtains and insecticides residual treatments) added to Ae. aegyptimosquito control program in Santiago de Cuba municipality was the objective of this study . First, we determined the state of resistance /susceptibility to the insecticide deltamethrin in a strain of Ae. aegypti from Santiago de Cuba. Subsequently, the effectiveness of insecticides impregnated curtains with deltamethrin (ITC) and the insecticides residual treatment (IRT) with K-Othrine 250 WG was evaluated through pupal indexes. The container with the highest pupal production and most involved in the infestation by Ae aegypti were identified. . The evaluated populations of Ae. aegypti from Santiago de Cuba were considered susceptible with 100% mortality at 24 hours. When assessing the effectiveness of ITC and IRT at resting sites with K-Othrine 250 WG, although there was no significant difference in any type of treatment the use of IRT was the most effective with a reduction of pupal infestation by 87% (p = 0.89) while CP only reduced 71% (p = 0.09) and ITC 14.3% (p = 0.48) respectively. The containers with the highest pupal production were the low tanks, which together with the useful and not useful artificial containers are the most involved in the infestation by Ae. aegypti. The most effective option was the IRT in the study period. The IRT added to the routine activities of the program is an option taking into account the entomological indicators, while the ITC should not stand as a control method to be used in Santiago de Cuba.

Sustainable agriculture is closely related to farming practices. There are many farming practices such as land preparation, use of fertilizers and weedicides among other indicators of farming practices that lead to sustainable agriculture. In particular, weed and pest control are focal points for certain crops such as cotton, rice, vegetables, and fruit with heavily applied chemical inputs which cause unsustainability in farming. Among food crops, paddy requires enormous doses of fertilizers, weedicides, and pesticides to keep it healthy and productive. The objective of this study is to determine the factors that contribute to the unsustainability of paddy farming practices at field level via Paddy Farmer Sustainability Index (PFSI) based on the current 33 paddy farming practices. Tobit regression analysis found that knowledge and awareness played essential roles as the determinant of unsustainability level in paddy farming.

The article examines the issues of studying the world experience and the results of many years of experiments in various countries on the applicability of low-intensity irrigation systems in various climatic and soil conditions shows that the creation of irrigation systems of this type is an effective and economically viable irrigation of various types of crops: perennial plantings, orchards, vineyards, forest plantations, shrub farms as soil protection means, grain-legumes, vegetables, ridge crops and technical crops, ornamental plantations, goons, nurseries and others. The low-intensity system (drip irrigation, micro sprinkling, aerosol irrigation, subsoil and inektsionnoy irrigation, etc. which has almost universal application, in particular, it is applicable where the use of other methods irrigation is impossible or ineffective: 1. in difficult terrain and large lot slope (up to 45 degrees or more); 2. In areas with prolonged drought and strong winds; 3..-water resources in local with a relatively limited amount of water; 4.on soils with low power and very low or high Hygroscopicity;5. On soils prone to salinization;6. When used for irrigation water with high content of water-soluble salts, etc.

Insecticide- enzyme interaction is the new field of insecticide physiology researches. Digestive enzyme like Lipase and amylase are responsible of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In this study, the effects of two insecticides fenitrothion and fenvalerate, on the lipase and amylase activity were studied. The used concentrations were 2000, 1500, 1000, 500, 100 and 0 ppm. Results showed that enzyme activities were reduced after incubation with different concentrations of insecticides, significantly. Nutrition processes were disrupted after reducing or suppressing of digestive enzyme activities. Energy production and metabolism can be considered as secondary targets for some of insecticides. Results suggest that fenitrothion and fenvalerate can be reported as ideal candidates to disrupt carbohydrates and lipase metabolism.

The article examines the issues of studying the world experience and the results of many years of experiments in various countries on the applicability of low-intensity irrigation systems in various climatic and soil conditions shows that the creation of irrigation systems of this type is an effective and economically viable irrigation of various types of crops: perennial plantings, orchards, vineyards, forest plantations, shrub farms as soil protection means, grain-legumes, vegetables, ridge crops and technical crops, ornamental plantations, goons, nurseries and others. The low-intensity system (drip irrigation, micro sprinkling, aerosol irrigation, subsoil and inektsionnoy irrigation, etc. which has almost universal application, in particular, it is applicable where the use of other methods irrigation is impossible or ineffective: 1. in difficult terrain and large lot slope (up to 45 degrees or more); 2. In areas with prolonged drought and strong winds; 3..-water resources in local with a relatively limited amount of water; 4.on soils with low power and very low or high Hygroscopicity;5. On soils prone to salinization;6. When used for irrigation water with high content of water-soluble salts, etc.

Erosive processes are detrimental to agriculture, with meadows and pastures lose their fertility potential.However, natural factors, influence of anthropogenic environmental factors exacerbate the situation,creating conditions for the development of desertification. the decline of soil fertility in qualitative and quantitative content of forage land productivity, which in turn leads to a decrease in livestock production. The seeding of legume-grass on winter pastures strengthens eroded the soil, improves water-physical properties, soil nutrient status, increases the productivity of pastures and is a means of combating desertification.

In the midst of great development of Azerbaijan received erosion causing Washout, erosion and deflation. It is expressed most clearly in the soils, cultivated in conditions of impoverished and poluobespechennogo sediments rainfed agriculture. To solve problems with sufficient thoroughness of land management, erosion or potentially dangerous erosion-, you must deeply know every piece of array management, its features that can influence the choice of crops on those or other general event or private receptions machinery. Obtaining such data is possible only as a result of large-scale surveys the territory.

Article submitted by geographic location, geological-geomorphological and soil-climatic characteristics of Ganja-Kazakh array coordinates and kagrizs capability in order to provide the population with fresh water.

The health & Environmental implications associated with accumulations & contamination of Heavy metals is of great concern, particularly in agricultural production systems. However, both essential and toxic elements were absorbed by vegetables & edible fishes from the soil & water. Although there are several reasons for heavy metals contamination of soil & irrigation water Intensification of agriculture is a major reason for accumulation of heavy metals due to excess use of agrochemicals and amendments in all over the Sri Lanka. Since there are only limited data for Heavy Metal accumulation &Contamination Need further studies on their consequences of health & environmental impact in Sri Lanka. Protecting the agricultural soil is a formidable challenge in Sri Lanka, which requires modernization of Technology using in Sri Lanka on agro chemical, fertilizers and irrigation systems thereby improving the recovery of soil and recycling of wastewater. The evidence of elevated heavy metal accumulation & contamination in leafy vegetables, soils & irrigation water in Sri Lanka emphasizing the importance of extensive monitoring & investigations of heavy metal accumulation in soil, water and edible food to reduce the health risk and environmental pollution.